What are impacted wisdom teeth?
Impacted wisdom teeth are the third molars that fail to emerge properly due to a lack of space in the jaw. These teeth typically develop between the ages of 17 and 25, but often, there isn’t enough room for them to grow in properly. As a result, they can become trapped or impacted within the jawbone, causing a range of symptoms and complications.
When a wisdom tooth is impacted, it means that it is unable to fully break through the gum line. There are different types of impaction, including vertical, horizontal, mesial, and distal impaction. Vertical impaction occurs when the tooth is angled properly but remains trapped within the jawbone. Horizontal impaction happens when the tooth is positioned horizontally, pressing against the adjacent tooth. Mesial impaction occurs when the tooth is tilted toward the front of the mouth, and distal impaction occurs when the tooth is tilted toward the back of the mouth.
Impacted wisdom teeth can cause a variety of problems, including pain, swelling, infection, and damage to surrounding teeth. It’s important to seek professional dental care if you suspect you have impacted wisdom teeth.
Causes of impacted wisdom teeth
The exact cause of impacted wisdom teeth is not fully understood, but there are several factors that can contribute to their development. One of the main reasons is evolutionary changes in the human jaw structure. As humans have evolved, our jaws have become smaller, leaving less room for the third molars to emerge properly.
Genetics also play a role in the development of impacted wisdom teeth. If your parents or siblings had impacted wisdom teeth, you may be more likely to experience the same issue. Additionally, certain ethnic groups have a higher prevalence of impacted wisdom teeth.
Another factor that can contribute to the impaction of wisdom teeth is the positioning of adjacent teeth. If the neighboring teeth are crowded or misaligned, they can block the path of the emerging wisdom teeth, causing them to become impacted.
Symptoms of impacted wisdom teeth
Impacted wisdom teeth can cause a range of symptoms, which can vary from person to person. Some individuals may experience no symptoms at all, while others may experience severe pain and discomfort. Here are some common symptoms of impacted wisdom teeth:
- Pain:
One of the most common symptoms of impacted wisdom teeth is pain in the back of the mouth. The pain can be intermittent or constant and may radiate to the ear, jaw, or neck.
- Swelling:
Impacted wisdom teeth can cause swelling in the gums and jaw. The swelling may be localised to the area around the impacted tooth or may affect a larger area of the face.
- Infection:
When a wisdom tooth is impacted, it can create a pocket in the gum tissue where food particles and bacteria can accumulate. This can lead to infection, which can cause additional symptoms such as bad breath, a foul taste in the mouth, and difficulty opening the mouth fully.
- Tender or bleeding gums:
Impacted wisdom teeth can irritate the gums, leading to tenderness, redness, and bleeding. The gums may also be swollen or puffy.
- Difficulty opening the mouth:
In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can make it difficult to open the mouth fully. This can be due to swelling, pain, or the physical obstruction caused by the impacted tooth.
It’s important to note that not all symptoms are necessarily indicative of impacted wisdom teeth, and other dental issues can cause similar symptoms. It’s essential to consult a dentist for a proper diagnosis.
Complications of impacted wisdom teeth
If left untreated, impacted wisdom teeth can lead to a variety of complications. These complications can range from minor issues to more severe dental problems. Here are some potential complications associated with impacted wisdom teeth:
- Tooth decay:
Impacted wisdom teeth are more challenging to clean properly, which can increase the risk of tooth decay. The partially erupted tooth can create a pocket where bacteria and food particles can accumulate, leading to cavities and gum disease.
- Gum disease:
The presence of impacted wisdom teeth can increase the risk of gum disease. The gums around the impacted tooth may become inflamed and infected, leading to gingivitis or periodontitis.
- Cysts or tumours:
In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth can cause the development of cysts or tumours. These growths can damage the surrounding teeth, jawbone, and nerves, leading to more severe dental issues.
- Damage to adjacent teeth:
Impacted wisdom teeth can exert pressure on the adjacent teeth, causing them to shift or become misaligned. This can lead to bite problems, crowding, and other orthodontic issues.
- Sinus problems:
Impacted wisdom teeth in the upper jaw can sometimes push against the sinuses, leading to sinus pain, pressure, and congestion.
It’s important to address impacted wisdom teeth promptly to avoid these potential complications. Seeking professional dental care is crucial for proper diagnosis and treatment.
How impacted wisdom teeth are diagnosed
Diagnosing impacted wisdom teeth typically involves a comprehensive dental examination. Your dentist will evaluate your symptoms, perform a visual examination, and may recommend additional imaging tests to get a clear picture of the impacted teeth’s position and their impact on surrounding structures.
During the visual examination, your dentist will inspect your mouth, gums, and teeth for signs of impaction. They will look for symptoms such as swelling, redness, tenderness, and any visible signs of the impacted tooth.
In some cases, dental X-rays or other imaging tests may be necessary to assess the position and condition of the impacted wisdom teeth. X-rays can provide detailed images of the teeth, jawbone, and surrounding structures, helping the dentist determine the best course of treatment.
Based on the examination and imaging results, your dentist will make a diagnosis and recommend an appropriate treatment plan. The treatment plan will depend on the severity of the impaction, the angle of the impacted tooth, and any existing symptoms or complications.
Treatment options for impacted wisdom teeth
The treatment options for impacted wisdom teeth depend on several factors, including the position of the impacted tooth, the degree of impaction, the presence of symptoms or complications, and the individual’s overall dental health. Here are the main treatment options for impacted wisdom teeth:
- Extraction:
Extraction is the most common treatment for impacted wisdom teeth. If the tooth is fully impacted or partially erupted but causing problems, your dentist will likely recommend extraction. The procedure involves removing the impacted tooth surgically. Depending on the complexity of the impaction, your dentist may perform a simple extraction or a more complex surgical extraction.
- Surgical removal:
In some cases, impacted wisdom teeth may require surgical removal. This is typically necessary when the tooth is positioned in a way that makes it difficult to access or when there are complications such as cysts or tumors. Surgical removal involves making an incision in the gum tissue to access the impacted tooth and remove it.
- Orthodontic treatment:
In certain situations, orthodontic treatment may be recommended to create more space in the jaw or to realign the teeth. This can help prevent or alleviate problems associated with impacted wisdom teeth.
The choice of treatment will depend on the specific circumstances and the recommendations of your dentist. They will consider factors such as the position of the impacted tooth, the presence of symptoms or complications, and your overall dental health. Your dentist will explain the treatment options, their benefits, and any potential risks or side effects, allowing you to make an informed decision.
Recovery and aftercare for impacted wisdom teeth removal
Recovery from impacted wisdom teeth removal can vary depending on the complexity of the procedure and individual factors. Here are some general guidelines for recovery and aftercare:
- Rest and recovery:
After the extraction or surgical removal, it’s important to give your body time to heal. Take it easy for a few days and avoid strenuous activities that could disrupt the healing process.
- Pain management:
Some discomfort and pain are expected after wisdom teeth removal. Your dentist may prescribe pain medication or recommend over-the-counter pain relievers to manage the pain. Follow the instructions provided by your dentist and take the medication as directed.
- Swelling and bruising:
Swelling and bruising around the extraction site is normal and should subside within a few days. Applying ice packs to the area can help reduce swelling and alleviate discomfort.
- Dietary restrictions:
Stick to soft foods and liquids for the first few days after the procedure. Avoid hard, chewy, or spicy foods that could irritate the extraction site. Gradually introduce solid foods back into your diet as you heal.
- Oral hygiene:
Maintaining good oral hygiene is crucial during the recovery period. Gently brush your teeth, avoid the extraction site, and rinse your mouth with warm saltwater to keep the area clean. Avoid vigorous rinsing or spitting, as it could dislodge the blood clot and delay healing.
- Follow-up appointments:
Your dentist will schedule a follow-up appointment to monitor your healing progress. Attend all scheduled appointments and contact your dentist if you experience any unusual symptoms or complications.
It’s important to follow all post-operative instructions provided by your dentist to ensure proper healing and minimise the risk of complications.
Tips for managing pain and discomfort from impacted wisdom teeth
Dealing with pain and discomfort from impacted wisdom teeth can be challenging, but there are several strategies you can try to alleviate the symptoms:
- Over-the-counter pain relievers:
Non-prescription pain medications such as ibuprofen or acetaminophen can help manage the pain. Follow the recommended dosage instructions and consult your dentist or pharmacist if you have any concerns.
- Ice packs:
Applying ice packs to the affected area can help reduce swelling and numb the pain. Use a cold compress or wrap ice in a thin towel and apply it to your cheek for 15-20 minutes at a time.
- Saltwater rinses:
Rinse your mouth with warm saltwater several times a day to reduce inflammation and promote healing. Mix half a teaspoon of salt in a cup of warm water and swish it around your mouth for 30 seconds before spitting it out.
- Soft foods:
Stick to a soft food diet in the days following the procedure. Opt for foods such as soups, smoothies, mashed potatoes, yogurt, and scrambled eggs. Avoid hard, crunchy, or spicy foods that could irritate the extraction site.
- Gentle oral hygiene:
Continue to brush your teeth gently, avoiding the extraction site. Use a soft-bristled toothbrush and rinse your mouth with warm saltwater after brushing to keep the area clean.
- Avoid smoking and alcohol:
Smoking and alcohol consumption can delay the healing process and increase the risk of complications. It’s best to avoid these substances during the recovery period.
Remember to consult your dentist for personalised advice and recommendations based on your specific situation.
Frequently asked questions about impacted wisdom teeth
Impacted wisdom teeth are relatively common. Studies estimate that around 35% to 45% of people have at least one impacted wisdom tooth.
It’s not always possible to prevent impacted wisdom teeth, as they are often a result of evolutionary changes in the human jaw structure. However, maintaining good oral hygiene and regular dental check-ups can help identify potential issues early on.
Not all impacted wisdom teeth require removal. However, if the impacted tooth is causing pain, swelling, infection, or other complications, or if it poses a risk to adjacent teeth, removal is usually recommended.
The procedure itself should not be painful as it is performed under local anesthesia. However, some discomfort and pain are expected during the recovery period. Your dentist will provide appropriate pain management recommendations.
It is best to go with a well-established implant brand which has decades of experience and will have parts available long term. This allows any dentist to source the components required many years down the track.
Impacted wisdom teeth can potentially erupt later in life, although this is relatively rare. If they do emerge later, they may cause problems, and extraction may still be necessary.
Conclusion
Impacted wisdom teeth can cause a range of symptoms and complications, affecting your dental health and overall well-being. If you’re experiencing pain, swelling, or other signs of impacted wisdom teeth, it’s essential to seek professional dental care. Dentists experienced in diagnosing and treating impacted wisdom teeth can provide personalised treatment plans tailored to your specific needs. Whether it’s a simple extraction or a more complex surgical procedure, they will prioritise your comfort and safety throughout the process. Don’t let impacted wisdom teeth compromise your quality of life – schedule an appointment with a dental professional today to reclaim your dental health.
Sources
- Healthline: “What are Impacted Wisdom Teeth?”
- Brazier, Y. (2023, April 24). What are Impacted Wisdom Teeth? Healthline. Link
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research
- National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research. (n.d.). Wisdom Teeth. Link
- Mayo Clinic
- Mayo Clinic Staff. (2015). Impacted Wisdom Teeth: Definition. Link
- University of California, San Francisco Health
- University of California, San Francisco Health. (n.d.). Impacted Wisdom Teeth. Link
- American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons (AAOMS)
- American Association of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgeons. (n.d.). Wisdom Teeth. Link
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE)
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence. (n.d.). Wisdom Tooth Removal. Link
Looking for a Cosmetic Dentist to enhance your smile but not sure what treatments would work for you?
Look no further than our No Obligation Cosmetic Smile Evaluation.
Our comprehensive evaluation, which includes a teeth assessment and head x-ray, equips our expert dentist Burwood to offer you personalized cosmetic treatment advice tailored to your oral health and facial structure. Aimed at enhancing your smile to its fullest potential, our no-obligation consultation will empower you with in-depth knowledge and recommendations.
Start your smile transformation journey today!
